Characterization in Oedipus the King and Homers Odyssey Essay

Characterization in Oedipus the King and Homers Odyssey The characters in a novel or play are attri saveed sure characteristics by the author. The opinions one might form of a character are based on these therefore, the characteristics suggested by an author are intrinsic to the reader having a complete and subjective understanding of a work. Characteristics are often displayed through a character s actions, in what is said about them, and what they themselves say, which shall be the cerebrate of this essay. Both Oedipus, in Sophocles King Oedipus and Odysseus, in The Odyssey of Homer, oftenare spoken of by others, but their own words are telling, as certain emotions and traits can be seen. Traits of a character can often be masked or distorted by favorable or unfavorable descriptions by others, but their own speech, hitherto calculated or controlled, often clearly shows character flaws and attributes that one might not come across otherwise. Strict narration often polarizes a ch aracter, shape them as blacken or white, good or evil. However, in most writings, and certainly in The Odyssey and King Oedipus, the speech of a characterallows us to see the non-homogeneous shades of grey, thus portraying the character more fairly. One might see Oedipus and Odysseus as being in some ways quite similar, but their speech and the characteristics revealed therein is what sets them apart. Oedipus and Odysseus were both powerful men, each lording over their own small kingdoms. It would seem they should share certain characteristics and one would not be stupid to say they did. Both showed themselves to be respectful of their duties toward their people. Oedipus, when faced with the people s petition (specifically, the Priest, act... ...portray them as such, but their speech remains one of the strongest methods of characterization. Through speech, the characters became multi-dimensional, and the developing of the character was apparent, as was the case with the despe ration and demise of Oedipus. Certainly, the words of Oedipus and Odysseus shaped the send off a reader might construct of either one, even if this image was not what Sophocles or Homer had intended. Whatever this image may be, the speech of the principal characters of King Oedipus and The Odyssey proved both Oedipus and Odysseus tobe complete, multi-faceted characters, neither good or evil, black or white. Works CitedHomer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York Vintage Books, 1962. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 6th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2002.

Cheaper by the Dozen :: essays papers

Cheaper by the DozenThe book Cheaper by the Dozen written by Frank B. Gilbreth, Jr. andErnestine Gilbreth Carey was the life story of the Gilbreth family ahead Mr. Gilbreth died. Frank Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbrethwere two of the twelve children. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth, bothindustrial engineers, ran a firm, Gilbreth, Inc. which was employed asefficiency experts by major industrial plants in the linked States,Britain, and Germany.Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth had twelve children, six girls and six boys.The names of the children are Anne, Ernestine, Frank, Bill, Lillian,Martha, Jack, Jane, Fred, Mart, Bob, and Dan. The older childrensjob is to take care of the youngest and the mother took care of theintermediate children and babies.Nothing was consider more than a sin than wasting time, that is whythe father, Frank, times himself trying to go as fast as he canwith almost everything. He clock himself buttoning his shirtto see which way is faster, top-bottom or bottom-top. He timedh imself shaving to see which way took longer, using two brushesto apply the shaving cream of one. He found that two werefaster. Frank, the father also experiment on which ways wasfaster, using two razors of one. He found that one was faster,because with two he orient himself so many times it took him twiceas much time to cover the cuts up.The book talked about how smart Frank, the Father was. Hepainted mores reckon on the w boths of their summerhouse to teachit to his children. When the children decoded the messagewritten on the wall, it revealed a clue that tells the childwho decoded it where a prize was hidden. He painted also allof the planets and stars you can see in the sky on the walls oftheir summerhouse to teach his kids astrology.A neat power that the father, Frank, had was that as soon as he go through at a person he would know their nationality. When everthe family would go somewhere were you would have to hire by theperson, such as a toll bridge, Frank, the fat her, would takeone look at the person and know that their nationality wasIrish. The father, Frank, would say, do my Irishmen comecheaper by the dozen? The owner would probably say,Irishmen? If you are Irish, you should not pay a toll on myroad. Your trip is on the house.At the end of the book the father, Frank is called for work in

Ethical Considerations when implementing OSS :: Open Source Software Technology Essays

Ethical Considerations when implementing OSSI. BackgroundStarting from 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using the term Open seed Software instead of Free Software. At that time, I was working for solarize Microsystem for one of the Open cum Software project -- localization of Mozilla. Sun Microsystem is one of the biggest system company in the Open Source Software community. a) engagement between free software and open root word Comparing to Free Software, the term open source software is associated with a disparate engineering approach, different values, and even a different criterion for which licenses are acceptable. We differentiate the Free Software movement and the Open Source movement with different views and goals, although engineers piece of ass and do work together on some practical projects. The fundamental difference between the two movements is in their values. For the Open Source movement, the issue of whether software should be open source is a practical question, not an ethical one. Open source is a development methodology, whereas free software is a social movement. In other words, Open Source Software is not absolutely free, non-free software is optional. For the Free Software approach, software should be free. However, the official definition of Open Source Software, as published by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition of free software. The obvious meaning for the expression open source software is You can look at the source mark. What does that mean? Actually, by this definition, free software, semi-free programs such as Xv, and even some proprietary programs, are all Open Source Software since we can look at the source code as long as we have the licence. Linux is open source software meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its source code files. I think the defintion of Open Source Software from the state of Kansas is better Make subroutine of open-source softw are (OSS). OSS is software for which the source code is freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that code. The explanation for free software is simple -- a person who has the right to use the software for zero price. The main instruction for the term open source software is that free software makes some people uneasy. We can easily find this kind of argument in any open source software community.

The Revolution In Physics: Planck, Einstein, And Heisenberg Declare War

The Revolution In Physics Planck, Einstein, And Heisenberg Declare War On atomic number 7 The following knave focuses on the Revolution in Physics, specifically the scientific working of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Werner Heisenberg, all of which took place in the early twentieth century. In this page I will attempt to answer the following question, How did the Revolution in Physics transform the way that humans viewed themselves and personality from 1715 to the present sidereal day? To effectively answer this question I will cover three main points. I will start off by briefly describing the scientific beliefs that dominated European society in the geezerhood between 1715 and the Revolution in Physics. Next, I am going to explain the epoch making works of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Werner Heisenberg that were highly responsible for initiating this new era of scientific thinking. Lastly, I will focus in on how humans viewed themselves and nature differently afterwards the Revolution in Physics. The ideas of classical physics, which started with Copernicus and ended with Newtons laws on motion and gravity, were widely accepted by European society in the years leading up to the Revolution in Physics. The beliefs of classical physics rested on five cornerstones. The first cornerstone was the existence of absolute space and the flash cornerstone was the existence of absolute time. In the Newtonian system bits of matter moved in absolute space and time(Baumer 460). Of these two cornerstones, space was considered to be more important because it was immutable and because every change in the motion of matter indisputably involved a change in space as well. In contrast, change did occur in time, but unlike space, time did not itsel... ...t that the Revolution had on society. I also feel that even though this page is limited in scope it does a great deal to answer the overall project question focusing on how humans perception of nat ure has changed from 1715 to the present day. This page does this by directly showing the effects that the Revolution in Physics had on society. Many of these effects can still be readily seen today. Some examples are the decline in societys overall belief in God and peoples fear of science technology, which is apparent in issues such as human cloning and genetic engineering. Work Cited Baumer, Franklin L. Modern European Thought. New York Macmillan, 1977. The American Institute Of Physics, AIP Emilo Segre Visual Archives, httpwww.aip.org/history/esva/index.html Washburn, Phil. Philosophical Dilemmas Building A military personnel view. New York Oxford UP, 1997.

Essay --

Spencer JacksonMallory HeathEnglish 11, P. 2December 3, 2013Quarter 2 Synthesis IRP The Maze offset and Unfamiliar SituationsThe book I chose to write a synthesis essay comparing my life to is The Maze Runner by James Dashner. The book is more or less a boy named doubting Thomas who wakes up in a place called the Glade which he has never seen before, and is surrounded by stark naked places, people, and events that he is completely unfamiliar with. Thomas doesnt remember much about before he woke up there, and at first he feels alone and uncomfortable with his new surroundings. This approach of macrocosm introduced into something you are completely unfamiliar with is a common feeling in the life of a teenager, and with current day technology it is turn more and more difficult to adapt to new surroundings and become introduced to new places and people. Because of my personal experience in moving around often and being placed in a similar situation I have chosen to write on this p articular subject relating to both the book and my life.When Thomas awakens inside of a large dark room he is overcome by ...

The Life Of Mahatma Ghandi Essay -- essays research papers

Mahatma Gandhi IntroductionMohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism and the prophet of nonviolence in the 20th century, was born, the youngest chela of his puzzles fourth wife, on Oct. 2, 1869, at Porbandar, the capital of a small principality in Gujarat in western India under British suzerainty. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, who was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar, did not have much(prenominal) in the way of a formal education but was an able administrator who knew how to steer his way between the capricious princes, their long-suffering subjects, and the headstrong British political officers in power. Gandhis mother, Putlibai, was completely absorbed in religion, did not care much for finery and jewelry, divided her time between her home and the temple, fasted frequently, and wore herself out in eld and nights of nursing whenever there was sickness in the family. Mohandas grew up in a home steeped in Vaishnavism (Vaisnavism)--worship of t he Hindu god Vishnu (Visnu)--with a strong tinge of Jainism, a morally rigorous Indian religion, whose chief tenets are nonviolence and the belief that everything in the universe is eternal. Thus he took for granted ahimsa (noninjury to all living beings), vegetarianism, fast for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between adherents of various creeds and sects. (see also Index ahimsa, or ahimsa) Youth.The educational facilities at Porbandar were rudi workforcetary in the primary school that Mohandas attended, the children wrote the alphabet in the dust with their fingers. Luckily for him, his father became dewan of Rajkot, another princely state. Though he occasionally won prizes and scholarships at the local schools, his record was on the whole mediocre. maven of the terminal reports rated him as "good at English, fair in Arithmetic and weak in Geography conduct very good, bad handwriting." A diffident child, he was married at the age of 13 and thus lost a year at sc hool. He shone neither in the classroom nor on the playing field. He loved to go out on long solitary walks when he was not nursing his by now ailing father or helping his mother with her household chores. He had learned, in his words, "to carry out the orders of the elders, not to scan them." With such extreme passivity, it is not surprising that he should have gone through a phase of adolescent rebel... ...reading John Ruskins Unto This Last, a critique of capitalism, he set up a farm at Phoenix nestle Durban where he and his friends could literally live by the sweat of their brow. Six years later another colony grew up under Gandhis further care near Johannesburg it was named Tolstoy Farm after the Russian writer and moralist, whom Gandhi admired and corresponded with. Those two settlements were the precursors of the more famous ashrams (ashramas) in India, at Sabarmati near Ahmedabad (Ahmadabad) and at Sevagram near Wardha. South Africa had not only prompted Gandhi to evolve a novel technique for political action but also transformed him into a leader of men by freeing him from bonds that make cowards of most men. "Persons in power," Gilbert Murray prophetically wrote about Gandhi in the Hibbert Journal in 1918, "should be very careful how they propagate with a man who cares nothing for sensual pleasure, nothing for riches, nothing for comfort or praise, or promotion, but is simply determined to do what he believes to be right. He is a dangerous and uncomfortable enemy, because his body which you can always conquer gives you so little purchase upon his soul."

The Life Of Mahatma Ghandi Essay -- essays research papers

Mahatma Gandhi IntroductionMohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism and the prophet of nonviolence in the 20th century, was born, the youngest child of his fathers fourth wife, on Oct. 2, 1869, at Porbandar, the capital of a small principality in Gujarat in western India to a lower place British suzerainty. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, who was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar, did not have much in the way of a formal education but was an able administrator who knew how to steer his way betwixt the capricious princes, their long-suffering subjects, and the headstrong British political officers in power. Gandhis mother, Putlibai, was completely absorbed in religion, did not care much for finery and jewelry, divided her time between her home and the temple, fasted frequently, and wore herself out in days and nights of care for whenever there was sickness in the family. Mohandas grew up in a home steeped in Vaishnavism (Vaisnavism)--worship of the Hindu idol Vishnu (Visnu)--with a strong tinge of Jainism, a morally rigorous Indian religion, whose chief tenets are nonviolence and the belief that everything in the universe is eternal. Thus he took for granted ahimsa (noninjury to all living beings), vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between adherents of various creeds and sects. (see in like manner Index ahimsa, or ahimsa) Youth.The educational facilities at Porbandar were rudimentary in the primary school that Mohandas attended, the children wrote the alphabet in the dust with their fingers. Luckily for him, his father became dewan of Rajkot, other princely state. Though he occasionally won prizes and scholarships at the local schools, his record was on the whole mediocre. One of the terminal reports rated him as "good at English, fair in Arithmetic and weak in Geography turn out very good, bad handwriting." A diffident child, he was married at the age of 13 and thus lost a yea r at school. He shone neither in the classroom nor on the playing field. He loved to go out on long solitary walks when he was not nursing his by now ailing father or helping his mother with her household chores. He had learned, in his words, "to carry out the orders of the elders, not to scan them." With much(prenominal) extreme passivity, it is not surprising that he should have gone through a phase of adolescent rebel... ...reading John Ruskins Unto This Last, a critique of capitalism, he flummox up a farm at Phoenix near Durban where he and his friends could literally live by the sweat of their brow. Six years later another colony grew up under Gandhis fostering care near Johannesburg it was named Tolstoy Farm after the Russian writer and moralist, whom Gandhi admired and corresponded with. Those two settlements were the precursors of the more famous ashrams (ashramas) in India, at Sabarmati near Ahmedabad (Ahmadabad) and at Sevagram near Wardha. South Africa had not only prompted Gandhi to evolve a novel technique for political action but also transformed him into a leader of men by freeing him from bonds that make cowards of most men. "Persons in power," Gilbert Murray prophetically wrote about Gandhi in the Hibbert Journal in 1918, "should be very careful how they deal with a man who cares nothing for sensual pleasure, nothing for riches, nothing for comfort or praise, or promotion, but is simply determined to do what he believes to be right. He is a dangerous and uncomfortable enemy, because his body which you can always conquer gives you so little buy upon his soul."

Cpu Research Paper

mainframe Past, Present, A central processor ( primal processing unit) is the brain of the computer it follows the instructions of the computer softw atomic number 18 to manipulate selective information into information. (Sawyer, 2010, p. 208) The processor performs logical system and arithmetic operations, controls instruction processing, and supervises the overall operation of the computer. The main components of the CPU are the CU (control unit) and the ALU (arithmetic/logic unit). (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 78) The CPU in any case has registers which temporary shop data during processing, and lotes that act as roadways which transmit bits of data within the CPU and to other components on the motherboard. CPU The control unit deciphers the instructions from the input and moves them into memory. For each instruction the CPU will fetch the instruction, decode the instruction, execute the instruction, and store the result. These quad basic operations are cognize as a mac hine cycle. The control unit is therefore responsible in the CPU to instruct and control where the data goes to and what will happen to it. (Sawyer, 2010, p. 208)ALU The arithmetic/logic unit executes data that the control unit has sent to it. It performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The ALU also performs basic logic operations such as comparing two numbers to see if they are equal, less than, greater than, or not equal. (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 581) Registers Registers are high- step on it storage areas that temporarily store data during processing. (Sawyer, 2010, p. 209) The CPU contains several types of registers such as an instruction register, address register, storage register, and an accumulator register.These registers may store a program instruction, store data while being processed, or store the results of a calculation. Without the registers the control unit or arithmetic/logic unit could not complete their work. B wasting diseases A bus is a group of parallel conductors which carry information. (Microprocessors, 1983, pp. 2-2) The conductors may be wires in a cable, foil patterns on a printed circuit board, or microscopic admixture deposits in a silicon chip. Buses act as data roadways to get data from one place to another as needed. The term CPU/ primaeval processing unit has been in use since the 1960s.Nowadays, we are more familiar with the term microprocessors which are CPUs that are manufactured on integrated circuits in a single-chip package. However, before getting into todays technology I will take a look at the past CPU technology. Past scarcely which computer was the source electronic computer completed in the United States is a controversial subject. Iowa State University claims that the Atanasoff-Berry Computer at ISU was completed in 1942 exactly before its creator was called up for duty in the war effort. (Munns) Another computer at the University of Pennsylvania w hich was funded by the military was completed in 1946 by J.Presper Eckert and basin Mauchly. First Generation Eckert and Mauchlys invention was called the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, or as many now know it, as ENIAC. This first generation computer weighed 30 tons and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes. ENIAC could do 5000 additions per second. Each specific sequence of calculations had to be hard-wired into the machine. To change programs, ENIAC had to be completely rewired. ENIAC is generally known as the first electronic computer in the United States. However, since ENIAC could not store a program it did not have, what we would call, a CPU. Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 571) In 1945 John von von Neumann created a design for a computer system. His design included four basic units for a computer a CPU, an input device, an output device, and storage. (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 571) In 1946 John von Neumann joined with Eckert and Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania to create the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC). EDVAC was completed in 1949. It contained almost 6000 vacuum tubes and had 12,000 diodes. EDVAC cover 490 square feet of flooring and weighed almost 9 tons. It required thirty people to operate it.EDVAC is considered the first truly programmable electronic computer that included a central processing unit. No doubt the CPU was enormous, but still a recognizable CPU. (EDVAC) arcminute Generation In 1954 Texas Instruments introduced the silicon transistor. This revolutionized computer technology and created the Second Generation of computers. Transistorized CPUs of the 1950s and 60s were no longer hampered by vacuum tubes and electrical relay. Second Generation computers were smaller, faster, more rugged, and more reliable. With this improvement, more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several rinted circuit boards containing discrete transistor components. (Central Processing Unit) Third Generation The phylogenesis of integrated circuits and their use in computers began in the mid 1960s. This shift in technology brought about the Third Generation of computers which were faster, more reliable, cheaper to operate and much smaller. passim the advances in computer technology and electronics the CPU continued to become faster and smaller. Fourth Generation In the early 1970s, Ted Hoff at Intel invented the first microprocessor.Essentially, this was the first cartridge holder that a complete processing unit was contained within a single chip and it revolutionized the way computers were applied and designed forever. This is where the Fourth Generation of computers was born. The Intel 4004 was a four bit device, measured 1/8 inch by 1/6 inch, and could execute 60,000 operations per second. (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 574) By 1972 Intel had come out with an 8-bit microprocessor, the Intel 8008, and within a year had bettered it with the Intel 8080 which could execute about 290,000 operations per second.In 1979, Motorola developed a 16-bit microprocessor. The Motorola 68000 was very popular in the blossoming personal computer market. Around the same cadence Intel rolled out their 16-bit microprocessor the Intel 8086. While other companies tried to compete in the microprocessor market, it was generally Intel and Motorola who were in the race to built smaller and better processors with each other. By the mid 80s each had produced 32-bit microprocessors. Beyond According to Moores Law, at our rate of technological development, the complexity of an integrated circuit will bivalent in about 24 months.By the early 90s, 64-bit microprocessors entered the market. Each succeeding processor is smaller and can produce data much faster. The 90 apothegm Intel introduce its first Pentium chip and Motorola introduced their Power PC CPU. Throughout the 90s Intel improved on its Pentium technology releashing the Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium MMX, and Pentium III. In the late 90s AMD introduced their Athlon CPU. The Athlon worked at 800 MHz. In 2000, both Intel and AMD released 1 GHz microprocessors in the Pentium 4 and Athlon CPU. By 2002, Intels Pentium 4 reaches 3. 06 GHz.By 2006, both Intel and AMD introduce dual-core processors. 64-bit processors have been around for use in mainframes and supercomputers, but now 64-bit processors are being made for personal computers. Present Todays main competitors for CPUs in microprocessors are Intel and AMD. Motorola sold off their semiconductor manufacturing section to become Freescale, and has basically bowed out of the CPU race. CPUs of today are extremely fast. The recent Intel Core i7-980X Processor Extreme Edition released the beginning of 2010 has six cores, 12 threads, a max turbo speed of 3. GHz , a 12 MB wise Cache, and a quantify speed of 3. 33 GHz. (Intel Processors,) The faster a CPU runs the more power it consumes and the more waste heat it produces. (Sawyer, 2010, p. 206) For that reason, rather than increasing clock speed, Intel and AMD have pursued using multi-core technology, which employs additional CPU cores and runs them in parallel. Dual, Quad, and multi-core processors are very popular today in CPUs for computers, games and other technology that needs a CPU. Future 128-bit microprocessors are still being developed. Some experts predict that advances in microprocessor technology will produce a 50 GHz processor by 2010, the kind of power that will be required to support such function as true speech interfaces and real-time speech translation (Sawyer, p. 206) ClusterOnaChip (CoC) is a popular example of the future in CPU technology. Engineers are working on how to place thousands of more processors in a cluster on a single chip. IBM in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology has created a prototype silicon-germanium hetero-junction bipolar transistor able to operate at a speed of 500 GHz at 4. degrees Kelvin. At room temperature, the transistor a chieves a speed of 350 GHz. This demonstrates that speeds of half a trillion cycles per second can be achieved in a commercial, silicon-based technology, using large wafers and low-cost, silicon-compatible manufacturing techniques, says John D. Cressler, Byers Professor at Georgia Techs School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and a research worker at the Georgia Electronic Design Center at Georgia Tech. Our current technological knowledge is not good enough to produce the microprocessors and CPUs of the future.We are limited by our current materials and in need of innovation to jump start us towards even smaller and faster CPUs. One can only dream of the day when rather than having a bulky transistor made of silicon, we have processors that are scaled down to the surface of an electron itself. Conclusion With Moores Law in mind, we can see that over the past decades we have certainly obeyed his law. From ENIAC to EDVAC, to transistors, to integrated circuits and single chip microprocessors, CPU technology has evolved and is still evolving to bring us the computers that e want and need. Further advances into CPU technology will allow us to compute faster and consummate scientific discoveries that can change our world for the better. Our thirst for deep space exploration could become a reality. Medical research will be simplified. The possibilities are endless. References (1983). Microcomputer Basics. In Microprocessors (pp. 2-2). Benton Harbor, MI Heath Company. Central Processing Unit. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. spiritus-temporis. com/central-processing-unit/history. hypertext markup language Dugger, W. E. , & Gerrish, H.H. (1994). Electronics Technology Devices and Circuits. South Holland, IL Goodheart-Wilcox Company, Inc. EDVAC. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. spiritus-temporis. com/edvac/ Intel Processors. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. intel. com/products/processor_number/about. htm Munns, R. (n. d. ). First-Computer controversy finally nearing a conclusion. Retrieved from http//www. scl. ameslab. gov/abc/articles/first-computer. html Sawyer, W. (2010). Hardware The CPU & Storage. In Using Information Technology. New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Disney: An organisational culture Essay

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the corporate culture of Disney. Within the discussion, a number of topics leave be addressed that include formal raisements prevalent in the organization and their impact to the organization, a description of the environment and the statement it dos relative to the organization, the types of language or sayings used in the organization, the type of role modeling, grooming and teaching that is emphasized, rewards used to incite employees, stories and legends that are familiar to employees and nodes, outcome measures used by leaders at bottom the organization, how leaders respond to getly incidents or crisis, workflow and organizational construction, an evaluation of organization systems and procedures and the types of organizational goals and associated criteria used for the selection of employees.Disney philosophyThe mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the solid grounds leading producers and providers of enter tainment and information. Using their portfolio of brands to differentiate their content, services and consumer products, they seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and cogitate products in the world (Disney.com). This mission statement originated from the original business philosophy of Walt Disney which was (a) quality will out (b) give the people everything you can give them (c) arrest the conduct as clean as you can keep it (d) keep it friendly (e) make it a fun place to be (Johnson, 1991).According to flex Johnson in his article A Strategy for Service (1991), Walt Disney was pull to the single goal of creating happiness for guests whom Walt called customers. He knew that if guests were happy, they would return. Disney in like manner understood that one bad guest experience or disappointment would conversely keep that guest from returning. The focus of Disney corporate culture is guest driven service. In order to catch th ither is no deviation from the goal, Disney has created a corporate culture in which the employees or cast members live while at work. It is the Disney way of life which places service to guests above all else. Disneys legendary customer service is so re forthwithned that today, companies from all areas of business engage in Disney training to improve their customer service. other key element of Disney culture is to foster creativity and to sustain innovation (Lynch 2001). Disney knew that when employees were encouraged to think out of the box and that their ideas were respected, they would consistently deliver. Disney was known for seeking arousal from all levels within the organization because he believed good ideas could come from anywhere.The Disney environmentDisney opened his first proposition park in 1955. His goal was to provide a good show with themed entertainment. Disney essentially transformed his legendary invigorate movies into reality. The entire park became a st age filled with props and actors. When guests entered Disneyland, they were no long-lived the audience they became part of the show. In order for this to be successful, Disney understood he had to control the environment so to speak so that the experience was replicated.He believed that by controlling the environment, the reactions of the guests within the environment could be predicted (Johnson 1991). Disney also understood he had to control the response of his employees to the guests. Being a director and movie-maker, Disneys view was that it would non be un care controlling the action in a play or movie in which the cast members take a shit a script and an expect set of actions. Disney took this philosophy a step further by making every employee a cast member. Cast members have a script and a set of standards that are acted out every time they go to work at a Disney location. It is easy to understand why Disney was so successful in consistently delivering the Disney experience .Disneyspeak corporate languageDisney created an entire corporate culture by transforming his movie productions into real life experiences for people. One of the ways in which Disney was able to effectuate this feat was by expressing his expectations through the development of a unique corporate language referred to as Disneyspeak (Edginton, 1998) that set the stage and expectations for his vision.In the world of Disney, people were no longer customers, they became guests. Disney teams were charged with the report card of guestology (Johnson 1991) which was to develop programs and actions that would consistently exceed guest expectations. Employees became cast members who are literally cast in a role for periodic performance (Edginton, 1998) designed to create magic moments for the guests. All of this conveys the message that guests are at the center of all actions and interactions. Cast members understand that attention to detail is critical and that their role is to sell the vi sion to every guest. Disney empowers cast members with the service theme of creating happiness and provides extensive training, dialogue and support systems to ensure cast members can make the best decision with every guest encounter (Johnson 1991).Role modeling, training and teachingIt awaits that Walt Disney is established upon the training, teaching and role modeling among their employees to have good customer service. Everyone who has ever been to a Walt Disney theme park is often warmly welcomed by greetings from such role models handed down through the years to children and adults alike of characteristics like those of Mickey Mouse, Goofy and Donald Duck. These three characters are the main role models of how the rest of the staff should be trained and taught to handle their guests at the Disney Park it appears. This example is not to say that their reputable service is necessarily grounded in stone rather it is ever evolving establish upon the premise of their well-known ho spitality. The whole concept of their welcoming practices seem to revolve around what their guests would expect and is developed through this whole company as a result of the efforts pertaining to their Public Relations.Employee rewards and recognitionSome of the incentives and rewards that the managers and staff converge are warm and generous letters from their visitors and guests as evidenced by the following statements. Staff members at Disney receive plenty of training, support, and recognition from their leaders and they turn int stay around long if they dont buy into the Disney culture (Amusement furrow, Vol. 115 Issue 49, p3, 2p). A great deal of heating goes into training and that results in happier employees, so it seems that the rewards and status symbols that are used to motivate the employees of Disney is a culture and tradition of understanding and compassion that are handed down from employee to employee based on the Disney model throughout the years.In addition to the compassion and understanding, there is much room for growth and promotion as an incentive for those who work stiff and do well. Weiss, one of the head managers at Walt Disney walks through the park among the buying public guests to make sure that everything is going smoothly. Additionally, he strives to make himself as tender to his employees at Disney as possible which helps to promote the communication among the employees that they are working in a compassionate and understanding environment. His style of management functions as incentives and rewards which motivate the Disney staff.Disney legendsThe Walt Disney collections, Walts masterworks, and Walts thought are among the stories, legends, and myths familiar to employees and customers. The story of Pinocchio was heartwarming of a unique friendship. The artwork picture of Pinocchio underlined Walts belief of designing his animated characters to look real as if they were made of flesh and blood. The animation of Bambi was an interesting picture which took over Pinocchio. Bambi, a deer, was an animated character with an anatomy.The animation of Bambi was an improvement in quality of artwork in all his pictures. Bambis mother who was killed off-screen is remembered as one of the most powerful moments of any Disney film. The Golden Age of Animation (1937 1942) also called the creative explosion marks the most creative periods in the history of Disney Studios on animation motion pictures. The release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Bambi films during this cinque year period endure the most memorable periods in history and a lasting tribute to the remarkable career of Walter Elias Disney. In a study by the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, children who watch animated films produced by Disney Studios are exposed to a greater incidence of mental illness than they may have experienced if they had watched similar films on TV (Lawson, and Fonts. 2004).Organizational activities, processes and outcome me asuresIn its efforts to uphold excellence, and integrity in all its professional relationships, WaltDisney undertakes the following business activities set forth below. The Disney Studio Entertainment is the foundation on which the Walt Disney Company was built. The Studio Entertainment is known for its rich legacy of quality creative content and exceptional storytelling. At the heart of the Studio Entertainment are the renowned animated features and live-action motion pictures. The Studio Entertainment distributes its pictures under Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Miramax Films, and Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The Disney name has now become associated with quality entertainment for the whole family.The Disney Parks and Resorts has become one of the most popular amusement parks known to tourists in recent times. It is the family of the Disneys beloved characters-Mickey Mouse, Pinocchio, Cinderella and the whole lot. Among the Parks and Resorts are Disneyland in Anah eim, California, Disneyland in Orlando, Florida, Tokyo Disney Resort, and Disneyland Resort in Paris. In all, there are 10 theme Parks on three continents with the 11th Park in Hong Kong to be opened in September 2005. In addition, 35 resort hotels and two luxury cruise ships is part of entertainment offerings in Hong Kong. The Disney theme parks and resorts celebrate Disneyland 50th Anniversary, an 18 month celebration which is scheduled to begin May 5, 2005.The Disney Consumer Products began marketing in 1929 with the appearance of Mickey Mouse on the cover of a childrens writing tablet. Among its products are apparel, toys, home dcor, and books to interactive games, foods and beverages, electronics and fine art. DisneyStore.com and Disney catalog are the direct marketing tools used by Walt Disney Company. Disney Media Networks include the television, radio, wrinkle, and the internet landscape. ABC entertainment, ABC Daytime, ABC News, and ABC sports appear on the television me dia. For the cable network are Disney channel, ABC Family, and Toon Disney. And for the radio media are Radio Disney and ABC News Radio. A fund with the American Red Cross has been set up by the Walt Disney Company with an initial donation of one million dollars and having its employees as contributors. The first quarter of 2005 financial results for the Walt Disney Company will be announced live beginning Monday January 31, 2005 at 430pm (EST) through February 7, 2005 at 400pm (PST).Disney leadership reaction to critical incidents and crisisThe Business leaders at Walt Disney pay attention to the world around them almost as much as they mange their organization. In doing so, DisneyHand a worldwide outreach of The Walt Disney Company brings the magic of Disney to those affected by incidents beyond their control. Along with cast-members (called Disney VoluntEARS), outreach helps in the areas of compassion, partnering with organizations that serve children, families, or others facing crises. In fiscal year 2004, DisneyHand donated more than $165 million in cash. Disney VoluntEARS also contributed more than 450,000 hours to help that in regard (Business equip 2001).In September 2001, DisneyHand committed to contributing 5 Million Dollars to the DisneyHAND Survivor Relief Fund. (Business Wire 2001) These donations went to providing assistance to victims and their Families of the New York and Washington D.C. 9/11 attacks. In doing so, Disney and DisneyHand display a culture of empathy and solidifies its corporate culture of ethical practices, and giving to the community.DisneyHand also creates the perception of an organization interested in more wherefore just making money. The Disney staff embraces a philosophy that when they react to the incidents that happens around them, they can help in the best way with their own contributions.Workflow and organizational structureWorkflow can be defined as the process used by an organization to manage operational task. McS hane and Von Glinow define Organizational structure as the division of labor as well as the patterns of coordination, communication, work flow, and formal power that directs organizational activities (McShane & VonGlinow, 2003, p. 506). The workflow and structure of an organization helps to define workweek or strong organizations. Disneys main strength comes from its organizational structure and workflow of managing the process of creativity and innovation. In doing so, they foster a culture that ensure controlled risk taking. Walt Disney has a structured methodology in its workflow and organizational structure. To ensure all employees and the organization follow this physiology, Disney uses the following five phased model1. arrange the Culture For the Organization and In every venture takena. If a new theme ride is proposed, does the attraction fit within the Disney Culture2. queue up the ideas To the Organizational Mission Statement and Strategic Directiona. Does a new movie or show parallel Disneys Vision, Mission, and or Strategic contrive3. Design the Process Where ideas flow easily from conception to deploymenta. Disney has open lines of communication between all employees from the CEO to a part time worker4. remediate the Product of Service Continually improve the ideaa. Disney is always asking their customer what they can do to enhance their products. Then they add these enhancements to meet customer expectations.5. Create Fail Safes Embrace the concept of successful failuresa. At Disney there are no bad ideas, and ideas that are not successes in the market place are opportunities to learn what the customer wantsOrganizational systems and proceduresThe Walt Disney Company incorporates Business Standards and Ethics training into its system to provide education and training for domestic and international employees. Disney wants to moderate that all of its employees act ethically and legally, and remain in compliance with the companys Standards of Business Conduct. Disney works towards keeping its communication open among its staff. Disney believes that open communication creates better teamwork and a healthy environment. According to Risk Management nightclub Publishing Inc. (1993), Walt Disney has one of the most sophisticated risk management programs in the US. Disney has a separate loss control, safety, environmental health and industrial hygiene departments. All Walt Disney facilities worldwide are equipped to handle these functions in one form or another.Walt Disney still holds true to its core mission that it started with, and that is providing quality entertainment for everyone around the world. In a quote from the VicePresident and Principal Creative administrator at Walt Disney Imagineering, Sklar (2003) states From the beginning, starting with Walt Disney, we have had five things that make me proud to be part of this Company high-quality products, optimism for the future, great storytelling, an emphasis on fa mily entertainment and great talent, passion and dedication from our Cast Members. Disneys values are their driving force that makes them retain the trust of the public and their shareholders. Those values are innovation, quality, community, storytelling, optimism and decency.Employee selection and replacementWalt Disney is committed to treating their employees and cast members with fairness, dignity, and respect. Disney provides equal opportunity for everyone without regard to race, religion, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, or any of the other basis that are prohibited by state or federal law. Disney strives to help their employees develop and advance based on their abilities. They want to be able to attract and maintain an employee work force that is pensive of their guests, business partners, shareholders, and communities where they do business. They also want open opportunity so that everyone is advantaged based on their potential and never disadvantaged because they are part of a certain group or class. Disney strives to maintain an organization that is diverse and professional.ConclusionWalt Disney is a company that stands behind its name and its employees. Disney devoted his life to creating magic moments for his guests through the highest level of customer service. Walt Disney is devoted to environmental causes through conservation, action, and education. They are also committed to the highest standards of business excellence. The Disney Corporation is made up of six components, which help them remain consistent in the business standards that they have set for themselves. The six components of their business are their Business Standards and Ethics guidelines, corporate governance, community, environment, international labor standards, and safety.ReferencesBusiness Wire Sept 18, 2001 p0018 BURBANK, California.Disney Online retrieved January 25, 2005 from http//corporate.disney.go.com.Edginton, D. (April 1998). The magic of management. Des Moines BusinessRecord, 94,15, 10-12. Retrieved January 25, 2005 from EBSCODatabase University of Phoenix Apollo Library.Lawson, A. & Fonts, G. (2004). Mental Illness in Disney Animated Films.Retrieved January 29, 2005, from EBSCO database University of PhoenixApollo Library.Johnson, R. (September/October 1991). A strategy for service Disney style.The Journal of Business Strategy, 13,5, 38-44. Retrieved January 26, 2005 from EBSCO database University of Phoenix Apollo Library.Lynch, L. (2001). Sustaining innovation Walt Disney instilled how. T &D, 55,6,44-50. Retrieved January 26, 2005 from EBSCO database Universityof Phoenix Apollo Library.Obrien, T. (December 2003). Weiss sees employees as Disneys Magic Makers.Amusement Business, 00032344, 12/8/2003, Vol. 115, Issue 49.Risk Management Society Publishing Inc. (1993). Risk Management, April(1993). 40, 31. Retrieved January 29, 2005, from InfoTrack One FileUniversity of Phoenix,Apollo Library.Sklar, M. (2003) . Retrieved from The Walt Disney Company website onJanuary 29, 2005, from http//corporate.disney.go.com.

Foreign Policy Analysis : Compare and Contrast Nigeria’s Relationship with the U.S.A. Essay

INTRODUCTIONA clownishs immaterial insurance policy is a set of goals outlining how the region will interact with different countries economically, politically, socially and militarily, and to a lesser extent how the country will interact with non-state actors. The aforementioned fundamental interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multi-lateral transnational cooperation. Foreign policies atomic weigh 18 desired to help project a countrys national interest, national security ideological goals and economic prosperity. This can decease as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations or even through exploitation.Foreign policy analysis is the systematic study of and research into the processes and theories of alien policy.This paper seeks to evaluate the family (economic and armed forces) that has existed between Nigeria and the unite States of America. (U.S.A) in ii very different epochs. (1960-1966), post independence, and between 1999- 2003, the immediate democratic era by and by a lengthy post-militaryinterregnum. The paper shall consist of an introduction and segments on conceptual elucidations, theoretical framework, X-ray of topic infra study, and the conclusion drawn from the study shall as well be presented.CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATIONInternational Relations Rossenau, (1961). Views world-wide relations as the study of the transactions, contacts, flows of in pass wateration between and among separately organized nation state. Holsti, (1972). Defines internationalist relations to encompass all forms of interaction between the members of distinct societies. Adeniran, (1983). submits that international relations is an area of study which focuses on the political, economic and other interactions among international actors and the inter-state systems. economical relations is a relationship between devil or more states that revolves around the promotion, transpose of finance, industry and oecumenic tra ding activities. armament relations A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. The military is made up of a force or forces with a capability to execute national defense policy. Military relations deal with the interaction between and among nation states to enhance capability development especially as it affects the strategic, operational, logistic and tactical requirements their military forces. Military relations are characterized by the exchange of combat arms and support services. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThe theoretical framework within which this study shall be conducted, is the ratiocination making approach. The theory focuses attention on the processes of public decisiveness making. A political action has the character of a decision taken by about actors in a specific stead through a particular process. Political actions can be understood by referring to the person who took the decision and the inter-active processes by which the decision was reached. While following the decision making approach, the political scientist has to encounter a complex set of social psychological and institutional processes. Hence, this approach has to draw on some(prenominal) concepts developed in sociology, social psychology and psychology. Mahajan, (200039).The decision making approach has two fundamental purposes one is the identification of crucial structures in the political realm where changes take place, where decisions are made, where actions are initiated and carried out. While, the other is a systematic analysis of the decision making behavior which leads to action. In other words, the decision approach focuses inquiry on actors called decision makers and on the state defined as the decision unit. Hence, the actions of the state are seen through the actions of the decision makers. The crux here is that if a sufficient knowledge of the beh aviour and activities of the known actors is established, it can lay the foundation for the explanation of a decision. Okere, (2000115) NIGERIAS FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVESForeign policy objectives are built upon some general principles or national interests which is embodied in the nations constitution. Foreign policy objectives of any nation can be classified into a tercet of military strategic, political/diplomatic and economic/cultural imperatives. In the first republic, (1960-1966) which constitutes a part of this studys focal point the principal objectives that manoeuver Nigerias foreign policy, were enunciated by sir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa the first prime quantity minister of Nigeria, to include among others -Respect for the s everywhereeignty and territorial integrity of other states. - no-interference in the internal affairs of other states.-The promotion of functional cooperation among African states. Chapter II, sub section 19 of the 1999 constitution outlines the forei gn policy objectives of Nigeria between 1999-2003. Which constitutes the second leg of the studys duration frame. What is however certain is that under the two different epochs that Nigerias foreign policy is to be subjected to scrutiny by this study, the principal objective of the foreign policy has been to promote and protect the countrys national interest in its interactions and relationships with specific countries in the international system. (Abdullahi 2004). NIGERIA-AMERICA RELATIONS Motives for Collaborationchairwoman Kennedy once notable thatEvery nation determines its policies in term of its own interestThe traditional American foreign policy encompasses both moral idealism and raw self-interests. The get together States primary interest in relation to Nigeria is petroleum. As a voracious consumer of the countrys sweet (i.e., low-sulfur) petroleum, America recognizes Nigerias worth as the largest vegetable oil producer in Africa and the fifth largest in the OPEC. Niger ia has been one of the largest exporters of crude oil to the united States. American companies such as shell, Exxon Mobil, and Chevron have substantial investings in the lucrative Nigerian oil industry, which, along with other Western oil companies, they dominate. Nigeria led a peacekeeping mission as part of the Economic participation of West Africa States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) that helped to stabilize long-time U.S. allies Liberia and Sierra Leone. A third U.S. interest is the maintenance of America cultural-historical linkages to the country of Nigeria. A great number of Americans trace their roots to Africa. Many of those Americans, including entertainer-scholar Paul b. Robeson (1898-1976), trace those origins to Nigeria. Last, but sure not least, America needs Nigerias help in its campaign against international drug trafficking.The economic hardships in Nigeria, resulted in the emergence of a significant drug-dependent culture and in the conversion of Nigerian borders i nto a major route for the trafficking of cocain and heroin into the United States. The United States also looks to Nigeria to help reduce the number of Americans victimized by the offer of Nigerian business opportunities that are too well-grounded to be true. according to one estimate, Americans lose $2 billion annually to white collar crime syndicates establish in Nigeria. Nigeria sees in the United States a truelove buyer of its oil. Although Nigerias share of the U.S. market has fluctuated over the years, the United States remains a primary purchaser of Nigerian crude oil. Second, Nigeria values political ties with America. The United States is one of the roughly functionful countries in the world, and the two countries share similar demographic features such as ethnic, economic, and religious complexities. Nigeria relies on these political connections as it experiments with a presidential style of government. Third, like many evolution countries, Nigeria seeks to tap into A merica technological capabilities for its manpower development needs.Tens of thousands of Nigerians have flocked to the United States in search of high education. Nigeria will maximize the benefit of its relationship with the United States by identifying and exploiting the points at which the two nations interests overlap. Nigeria and U.S. interests converge with respect to the purchase and sale of crude oil and the demand of maintaining cordial political relations. (Aka, 2005) It should be noted that in the period under review, (1960-1966), it was the prime minister that hold a near monopoly of control over the countrys foreign policy (Aluko, 1977). For Nigeria on the other hand, there was a compelling need to industrialize the economy and modernize agriculture immediately aft(prenominal) independence. To achieve this objectives, the country would require foreign aid and the diversification of the countrys overseas market America was one of the countries she looked up to for t he injection of the demand capital to fund her development plans. NIGERIA UNITED STATES RELATIONS (1960-1966)For centuries, United States foreign policy has been outwardly characterized by its diplomatic and economic encouragement of fledging democracies around the world. In particular, the nations of Africa and particularly Nigeria are seen to benefit from Americas idealistic foreign Agenda. (Aka, 2005). It should however be noted that few foreign political actions are based entirely in good will they are more often rooted in prudence and rationality. Although promoting body politic may, as was earlier stated, be a sufficient national interest in and of itself, such idealistic abstraction is usually augmented by more concrete or material considerations. This is certainly true for the United States interest in relations with Nigeria. (Aka, 2005). There are a plethora of cultural, historical and political reasons why Nigeria has been important to the U.S. These range form populatio n, oil, resource and strategic military importance. Nigerias colonial record left behind external economic relations policy that was closely linked with the west. This go along to have profound impact on the countrys external behaviour even after independence on 1st October, 1960 (Aluko, 1977). Therefore, The Nigerian foreign policy between 1960 1966 was politically and economically aligned (in spite of the non-alignment principle) to the west especially Britain and America. In main, due tocolonial hangover (Abullahi, 2004).In recognition of the impudently independent Nigerias potentials for a mutually beneficial relationship, the United States of America was represented at the independence celebrations by the Governor of crude-York State, Mr. Nelson Rockefeller. Immediately after, on October 7, 1960, florescence Minister Balewa traveled to vernal-York to register Nigeria as the 99th member of the United Nations thereby becoming a recognized member of the international confe deration. While in the U.S, the prime minister met and invited President Eisenhower to visit Nigeria at the earliest opportunity. Thus, it is clear that from the first week of independence, Nigeria had established a cordial relationship with the United States of America. (Clark, 1991). It was in the note of this warm relationship between these two giant states that President Kennedy extended an invitation to Nigerias prime minister to visit the U.S. on 21st July 1961. While in America, the Nigerian brainpower of Government was accorded the rare honour of addressing a joint session of the United States congress. Wherein he stated, Our affinity with the U.S is two fold a account statement of common struggles to achieve devoiddom from anything that is oppressive to the human spirit. Also, a blood affinity- between our two countries, there resides the largest concentration of peoples with African blood. (Clark, 1991)The Americans stated that Nigeria was a very important friend of t he United States. Balewa held a meeting with President Kennedy at the oval chest together with secretary of state Dean rusk to discuss military relations between the two states as well as the situation in Angola and Congo. Situations where the two nations had conflicting interests. On the economic front, Nigeria appealed to the U.S for care in building the Niger dam for power generation purposes, comparing the project to the Tennesse Dam Authority. At the end of the visit, a joint statement was issued by the two nations emphasizing the U.S economic aid to Nigeria in the areas of agrarian production and public health care services. American investments into the Nigerian economy grew and amounted to over $800 million and over a third of American total investments in Africa. (Clark Ibid, Aluko 1977)In concluding this part of the work, it is evident that America had a profound security, political, and economic interest in Africa and Nigeria as a regional power was seen as bellwether nation in the period under study. This explains the warm economic and military relations between the two nations. NIGERIA AMERICA 1999 2003(The years of Restoration)The election of Olusegun Obasanjo, a retired general and former military head of state from 1976 to 1979 marked a historic point in the history of the Nigeria-U.S relations. Obasanjos ascendancy to the Nigerian Presidency was warmly received by the United States especially because the preceding regime of Gen. Sani Abacha had a very strained relationship with the United States over a wide range of issues that included Human rights violations and Democratization.The optimism and excitement of the Americans derived from a past experience of friendly relations with General Obasanjo as Head of state. In fact, the first American President to visit Nigeria was Jimmy carter when Obasanjo was military Head of state. (Abdullahi, 2004). At the political level, shortly after assumption of office in May 1999, president Obasanjo had paid a visit to then President Bill Clinton to hold bilateral talks and also with incumbent President Bush. American-Nigeria relations grew in bounds within this period. The removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of US officials, discussions of future assistance and the granting of a national interest certification on counter-narcotics effective in March 1999, strengthened the ties of friendship between the two nations and Nigeria emerged as a key partner of the U.S on the continent. (Msn.com)Two American Presidents, Bill Clinton and George Bush visited Nigeria in August 2000 and July 2003 respectively. ECONOMIC RELATIONSEconomic assistance from the U.S to Nigeria increased within the period under study. Rising to $78.5 million in 2000 from 23.6 Million in 1999. In 2003, US economic assistance to Nigeria is estimated at $ 65.2 million. The American challenge in its policy towards Nigeria was to formulate a substantive fusion against the background that Nigeria provides 8percent of Americas oil needs. (Msn.com) The United States worked closely with the central bank of Nigeria and other relevant institutions to improve the environment for investment in agriculture through policy reforms at the national and state levels. Other trade initiatives by the U.S government included capacity building in customs operations, policy reforms to encourage trade exchanges, African growth and opportunity act (AGOA) incentives for bilateral trade. Nigeria also benefited from the initiative to end hunger in Africa plan, among some(prenominal) other programmes. (Msn.com) What all of this demonstrates is the fact that between 1999-2003 the economic relations between Nigeria was not wholly very cordial and engaging, but it was characterized by the inflow of several technical aid packages intent to help boost the fortunes of the Nigerian economy. MILITARY RELATIONSIn the area of defense relations between Nigeria and the U.S, the United States has back up the peacekeeping and simulation centres at the war college in Abuja-the only one of its kind in Africa. Other areas of U.S Nigeria defense relations in the period under review included personnel training, developmental and technical aid, arms sales to Nigeria, law enforcement co-operation in border control and against arms smuggling and oil theft. Military cooperation between Nigeria and U.S has been clearly manifested in the effort at resolving the Liberian crises. Wherein the U.S provided logistical equipment to the Nigerian military.The training of Nigeria military personnel in American institutions intensified. The United States also offered to provide specialized training and some facilities to the Nigeria police within this period. However, the military relationship between Nigeria and America was not without challenges or even tensions, for example, Nigerians, civilians and military alike were not keen on U.S military presence in their country. Many still attribute General Obasan jos replacement of Victor Malu as army chief to Malus open opposition to the increased military co-operation with the United States. It is the thought out opinion of this paper, that Nigeria-U.S relations within this period, especially as it concerns the economic and military ties, was in a state of growth and expansion (Aka 2005). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TWO EPOCHSAmerican Nigerian relations in the first republic (1960-1966) waspredicated upon a mutual need for each other by the two nations. It was a relationship of mutual respect and friendliness. But most importantly, it was a dignified relationship for Nigeria which though a very young independent state, had effectively mobilized her resources to earn a respectful height within the community of nations in such a short time. (Clark 1991). Nigeria had cause to request for the in flow of American capital into her economy but even this did not fall her sense of pride and independence. Whenever the need arose, Nigeria did not shy away from taking a different position to that of America. e.g. on the division of the world into blocs, Angola etc. The Head of Nigerian government in this period, Sir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was awarded a honorary doctorate of laws by the university of New York. He was also made an honorary citizen of three cities Chicago, New York and New Orleans (Clark 1991). Between 1999 and 2003, was a period of reengagement for the two nations after a near total breakdown in relations. But this, time the power dynamics were radically different from what obtained between 1960 and 1966.In 1999, the United States of America was not just an alternative power bloc in the world that had another power bloc to contend with. She was now a sole, undisputed world power with an unrivalled economic and military might. (Abdullahi, 2004), whereas Nigeria, in spite of the potentials she is endowed with and the promise she had held in 1960, was a nation almost on her knees, a nation that had retarded in j ust about every aspect of its conduct and was attempting to rediscover itself. antecedent to 1999, the U.S had stood with the Nigerian people in their struggle against dictatorship. In this era, it was not a relationship of two equals or near equals, No It was an interaction between a world power and an oil producing strong state, that had fallen into a deep socio-economic comma. It was a hand out relationship. Nigeria looked up to the United States for every form of assistance. The U.S provided much(prenominal) for Nigeria supposedly, in the spirit of encouraging democratic disposal. Especially, in form of economic and military aid packages. However, American oil corporations had unfettered access to Nigerias oil in return. But despite the exchange of visits between the presidents of the two countries, and the increased co-operation between the two countries, America refused to grant Nigerias request for a debt cancellation. It maintained that Nigeria had the resources to pay o ff her debts. The top hat Nigeria was offered is adebt rescheduling. CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, this work was introduced within the frame work of foreign policy analysis, a conceptual clarification of relevant theoretical framework within which the study is located has been stated, Nigerias foreign policy objectives has been examined, motives for the collaboration between Nigeria and the U.S was X-rayed. The work also attempted an cutting analysis of the economic and military relationship between the countries in the two different epochs as it was required to do. This work shall now proceed to state some recommendations that should form the basis of a policy of relationship between Nigeria and the United States of America. First, greater consistency in the U.S-Nigeria military-security relationship. Washington should recognize that its national interest is best served if Nigeria is able to be a force for democracy and stability in the region. Military and security collaboration betw een the two countries and in Africa generally, can only increase, given the threat of terrorism world wide. Second, increasing Americas diplomatic reach within Nigeria by establishing arenas for U.S. Exchanges with critical areas, such as its oil-producing areas in the Niger Delta and in Northern Nigeria where the U.S closed consular offices. Such diplomatic reach could help the U.S to make a contribution to conflict management in Nigeria.Third, developing a strategy for an economic action agenda in Nigeria, which must involve business and government actors in the U.S and Nigeria, as well as inviting stimulus from the non-governmental sector. Such a strategy should focus on three priorities first, an acknowledgement of the business communitys responsibility to be a constructive pseudo in Nigerias economic and democratic transition second, a focus on restructuring the extractive industry to curb corruption and third, a focus on restoring agricultural industries to help alleviate ru ral poverty, curb rural-urban pressures and strengthen trade and export. Fourth, eliminating debt overhang and investing in education, health and human development and fifth, strengthening democratic institutions and governance structures which involves supporting democratic dialogue across the political spectrum, as well as assisting in training for elections and parliamentary and political party development. Lastly, Americas support for Nigeria should now be stronger than ever, with the re-institution ofdemocratic government. The touchstone should be genuinely reciprocal and mutually beneficial relationships unaffected by the vagaries of power and party necktie in Washington a policy that constantly engages the people and the leadership of Nigeria, that is not an appendage of any general policy that constantly engages the people and the leaders of Nigeria, that is not an appendage of any general policy, and that recognizes the fact that only a fundamental restructuring of the po litical and economic systems can bring about true democracy in Nigeria. (Aka, 2005 Clark, 1991 Abdullahi, 2004)REFERENCESAdeniran, T (1983). Introduction to international relations. Lagos MacmillanJohari, J.C. (1982). Comparative politics London Sterling publishers.Okere, J.O (2000). Theory, theorizing in international relations and politics Owerri Achugo Publishers.Mahajan, V.G (2000) Political Theory New Delhi Chand Publishers.Abdullahi M.Y. (2004). The web of Nigerian politics. Abuja AnnyPrints Productions.Ojo. O, and Sesay, (2002). Concepts in International Relations. Ile-Ife University Press.Aluko, O, (ed) (1977). The foreign policy of African states. London Hodder and Stughton.Maduagwu O.M., and Mohammed A.S. (eds) (2004). Challenges and prospects of Democratization in Nigeria. Fulbright Alumni Association of Nigeria, Book of Reading No. 2.Aka, P.C. (2005). United States of America and Support for Nigeria democratization in American political sciences review Vol, 106, No. 14 ( December, 2005).Clark, T. (1991). A Right Honourable Gentleman The life and times of Sir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Zaria Huda-huda Publishing Company.Msn. Com (nd). retrieved October 17, 2008 from httpabout.com/african history.Msn. Com (n.d). retrieved October 18, 2008 from httpwww.usembassy nigeria. org.Holsti K.S, (1967). International Politics New Jersey Prentice Hall. Rosenau, J. (1971). The Scientific study o f foreign policy. New York the free press.

Visiting Museums

Its non a secret that Internet is a great effective source of different information, and if one does not have time or physical opportunity to visit a museum or gallery and enjoy its collections, now it is possible to do this using Internet. A great deal of the worlds museums and art galleries have own Internet posts and present their collections online for ein truthone to see. Also, such sites usually have a lot of educational information about the artists and their main artworks, different artistic styles and so on.In my opinion, the site of the Metropolitan Museum of Art is the most attractive and interesting from the four sties I was looking through. From its first page designed in warm grey and purple tones, the viewer stern see and see the atmosphere of a museum. The site contains a huge database collection, as well as rich educational resources. Tate Online is another very interesting site. This Internet resource is very easy to aviate and anyone can find a necessary item of its collection without a problem. I would, certainly, go to both of these museums after visiting their web-sites.Two other sites ar poorer in their design and have obvious lack of artistic approach to the manifestation of the materials. I liked the site of the Museum of Modern Art, because it is well-illustrated and has a clear and monotone organization. However, it is a bit overloaded with different information and its visitors can get confused. Finally, I have to say that the site of the museum El Museo Del Barrio is too very primary and colorless, so one may think that it is the site of a library or a governmental institution. To my mind, if the employees of this museum want to attract public attention, they should make a better site.Looking through the Internet databases of the Metropolitan Museum, I was especially impressed by the work of Robert Swain Gifford Near the Coast. This painting mesmerizes with its realistic presentation of a coastline in stormy weather. Gray a nd very low clouds swinging over the shoreline substantially narrow the perspective of the painting and make the observer feel a little distressed, melancholic and, maybe, even feel cold.On the Internet pages of Tate Museum I found the work of Sir David Wilkie The Blind Fiddler. The author focuses on the emotions of the people who are listening to the playing of the fiddler. It seems like only little children are really impressed and response to the music. However, the adults at the painting are deepened in their own problems or thoughts. This work is a beautiful example of classic art presenting social motifs.Finally, the online collection of the Museum of Modern Art contains a lot of interesting works of modern styles, but I paid attention on a drawing of a French artist Charles Camoin Seated Woman. This drawing was made simply with ink and brush on a paper, but it really impressed me with the exact forms and perfect lines of the womans silhouette. Despite the simplicity of this work, it is quite deep and very realistic.Certainly, watching artworks in virtual galleries and in real life are two absolutely different experiences. When observing the artworks in museum, broad daylight gives us the opportunity to enjoy their true deep colors and facture. In museum it is possible to see better the forms and details of cubic content of three-dimensional artworks. Also, one can observe the paintings in close approach and enjoy every line or brush-touch. Besides, sometimes the entourage of the museum advantages the artworks and makes them look more beautiful.I used to be an appreciator of classic style in arts, but after visiting the web-sites of these museums I got interested and impressed with some modern artworks, especially drawings and paintings of modern artists in Tate Museum. That is why I will certainly look for modern art exhibitions and visit them with my friends or family. Works CitedEl Museo. El Museo Del Barrio. 5 Apr. 2008

Capital budgeting Essay

A Capital budgeting is an analysis of potential additions to fixed assets, it is part of the long full term ratiocinations taken by the top management and involve large expenditures. The capital budgeting is very important to firms future. The dissentence between capital budgeting and souls investment decisions are in the estimation of hard currency flows, risk, and determination of the appropriate discount. B The difference between interdependent and mutually exclusive projects is that the free-living projects cash flows are not affected by the acceptance of the other, although the mutually exclusive can be adversely impacted by the acceptance of the other. the difference between normal and no normal cash flow stream projects occurs in the signs since for the normal cash flows if the cost ( negative CF) followed by a series of positive cash flows volition lead to one change of sign.On the other hand the non-normal project cash flows have devil or more changes of sign C 1 N PV is the sum of all cash inflows and outflows of a project C 2 The rationale behind the NPV regularity is that it is equal to PV of inflows minus the cost which is the net gain in wealth. If the projects are mutually exclusive we leave alone exact the project with the highest NPV and here in our pillow slip we will choose project S since it has a greater NPV compared to project S (19.9818.79). If the projects are independent we will choose both. C 3 The NPV will change if the WACC change if the WACC increases the NPV will decrease on the other hand if the WACC decreases the NPV will increase. D 1 Internal judge of return (IRR) is the discount rate that forces PV inflows equal to cost, and the NPV = 0. IRR using excel for project LIRR18.13%For project SIRR23.6%D 2 A project IRR is the same as a stick tos YTM. The YTM on the bond would bethe IRR of the bond project. D 3 If IRR WACC, the projects return exceeds its costs and there is some return left hand over to boost s tockholders returns. If IRR WACC, the project is accepted and if IRR WACC, the project is reject. If projects are independent, we accept both of them, as both IRR WACC. If projects are mutually exclusive, we accept the one with the highest IRR. D 4 IRR do not depend on the WACC, so if the WACC changes, the IRR for both projects will remain the same. E 1Excel=NPV(rate,CF1CFn) + CF 0WACCNPV LNPV S0%$50.00$40.005%$33.05$29.2910%$18.78$19.9815%$6.67$11.8320%($3.70)$4.63Cross over rate is equal to 8.7%.CF Differences0-601060IRR = 8.7%E 2 For independent projects, both IRR and NPV will lead to the same decision. If projects are mutually exclusive, there is a conflict between the IRR and the NPV. Since we said that NPV is the best method to use in case of conflict, project L will be selected based on this method. F 1 The slope of the NPV profile depends entirely on the timing of the cash flows long-term projects have excessive NPV profiles than short-term projects. We conclude that NPV profiles can cross in two situations, first when mutually exclusive projects differ in size the smaller project frees up funds at t = 0 for investment. The higher the opportunity cost, the more valuable these funds, so a high WACC favors small projects, and second when the projects cash flows differ in terms of the timing pattern of their cash flows the project with faster payback provides more CF in early years for reinvestment. If WACC is high, early CF especially good, NPVs NPV L (projects studied in class). F 2The reinvestment rate assumptions-NPV method assumes Cfs are reinvested at the WACC.-IRR method assumes CFs are reinvested at the IRR.-Assuming Cfs are reinvested at the opportunity cost of capital is more realistic, so NPV method is the best. NPV method should be used to choose between mutually exclusive projects. -Perhaps a hybrid of the IRR that assumes cost of capital reinvestment is needed. F 3 Some projects will result in different IRR and NPV. The NPV will b e selected to decide if the project is going to be accepted or not. We do not use the IRR first because it does not take into account ever-changing discount rates, so it is j not adequate for longer-term projects with discount rates that are will probably vary. Second, the IRR ineffective is a project with a non-normal cash flow streams (mixture of positive and negative cash flows). G 1 MIRR assumes reinvestment at the opportunity cost =WACC. MIRR also avoids the multiple IRR problem.G 2 MIRR does not of all time lead to the same decision as NPV when mutually exclusive projects are being considered. In particular, small projects often have a higher MIRR, still a lower NPV, than larger projects. Thus, MIRR is not a perfect substitute for NPV, and NPV remains the single best decision rule.H 1 Payback stop consonant is the number of years required to recover a projects cost, or how long does it take to get our money back?H 2 The payback period tells us when the project will break even in a cash flow sense. With a required payback of 2 years, Project S is acceptable, but Project L is not. Whether the two projects are independent or mutually exclusive makes no difference in this case. H 3 Discounted payback is similar to payback except that discounted rather than raw cash flows are used. H 4 Discounted payback still fails to consider cash flows after the payback period and it gives us no specific decision rule for acceptance. However, payback is not generally used as the primary decision tool. Rather, it is used as a rough measure of a projects liquidity and riskiness. I 123CF-8000005000000-5000000WACC0,1To drive NPV we used excelExcel =NPV(rate,CF1CFn)+CFONPV(386 776,86 DT)Excel =IRR(CF0CFn,Rate)IRR25%Excel =MIRR(CF0CFN,Rate)MIRR5,6%7

How the Reccession Has Effected the Fast Food Sector

The headache I have chosen is KFC as KFC is a worldwide business and very popular inside of the fast sustenance industry behind fast solid nutriment jumbos McDonalds and burger king and operates in over 110 countries throughout the world as it is a worldwide business it will be affected in different moods in different places. Here are some factors which could have affected them in the fadeout People have less disposable income As of the recession many people have less disposable income to spend on fast food as will be sticking to the essentials and their individual necessities in order for them to live.Many people were made redundant in the recession which will have of wedged KFCs business as not a lot of people will be buying their products. Also if people have less currency than they will pick the cheaper brand which will impact less on their spending or they will just cut out fast food all together this will impact KFC as it will be drawing less customers as the week goes on which will force the nerve to buy cheaper and lower musical note products to sell the public which will ground them lose customers as well as the quality wouldnt be what it utilize to be. Unemployment increasesAs the unemployment rate throughout the world increases then less people will not have a sufficient amount of money to spend on high brand fast food restaurants and will have to cut out the spending for fast food altogether as it can be very expensive and over expenditured. Unemployment will affect KFC as well as they will be getting rid of people in a way to decrease their main greets in the business in order for them to continue being one of the top high priced fast food restaurants in the fast food market becoming one of the top 5 fast food restaurants in the world behind the fast food giant which is McDonalds and Burger King.Reduce in net profit As KFC is a well-known American fast food restaurant which sells worldwide they sell millions or products globally. The lo ss of profit will make them have to reduce all of the costs inside of the business for example lower the amount of employees in the business to cut the cost of the wages to lower the risk of a loss in the business and also lower the quality of the produce used in the products as the price of the raw materials have gone up.As the price of the raw materials go up then the business will be release a lower quality product which will make them lose their customers if they continue to sell a product which does not meet the customers needs which will make them go down in the market and will make customers go to KFCs main competitors for example McDonalds.

Death in Hamlet

The tier settlement is centralized around peerless customary theme that stands as the constant dynamic struggle. Death threads its way through the entirety of hamlet, from the inauguration scenes confrontation with a dead mans ghost to the bloodbath of the final scene, which leaves almost every main office dead. Despite so many finiss, however, Shakespe bes treatment of the issue of cobblers last is especially obvious through his limning of small town who is presented as a person preoccupied with the idea of remnant and the tincture of mightiness small town. crossroads constantly contemplates decease from many angles.He is both seduced and repelled by the idea of suicide, scarce, in the famous gravedigger scene, he is overly fascinated by the physical reality of finish. In a way, settlementcan be viewed as extended dialogue between Hamlet and death. As Hamlet progresses as a character in the story, he advances through many understandings of mortality and death and ho w it applies to himself and the characters around him. In the line of descent he is some(prenominal) more believing in the concept that tone is just a cruel stepping stone to death and beyond, scarcely as he grows as a character and becomes more experienced, he understands the huge contradict impact death bes on man.It is through these characters that the trickwright reveals his ambiguous representation of the principal theme. From the very beginning Hamlet reflects a youthful idolization of death, living life as a journey toward death. Although he is afraid of the Ghost, he tries to get in touch with him. Initially Hamlet is anxious roughly death, because he does non know what awaits him after death. Hamlet reflects his anxiety in one famous soliloquy, where he demonstrates the rivalry of the issue of death.As he claims, iBut that the dread of something after death, / The undiscovered country from whose bourne / No traveler returns, puzzles the go away / And offs us ra ther bear those ills we have / Than to fly to others we know not ofi (3. 1. 86-90). However, as Hamlet collides with cruelty, murders, wickedness and deaths, he seems to form a certain unconcern towards death. In his search of r until nowge, Hamlet thinks oft about death and afterlife. But these attempts to revenge for his risqueher are only a prerequisite to Hamlets thoughts of committing suicide.This obsession with death gradually drives him mad William Shakespeare demonstrates this obsession with implicit mockery. For instance, when Hamlet kills Ophelias father, he is not able to remember, where he hides his luggage compartment instead he starts to madly speak about the worms that eat a dead body. Shakespeare demonstrates that even Hamlets air shows his obsession with death he wears black clothes and looks depressed. In the graveyard scene Shakespeare intensifies Hamlets preoccupation with death, reveal Hamlets gloomy thoughts.As he claims, No, faith, not a jot but to follo w him thither with modesty sufficient and likelihood to lead it as thus Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander returned into dust the dust is realm (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 1. 201-206). In fact, the image of the grave is sh avow several times passim the play to reveal the characters attitude towards death. With the exclusion of Hamlet, all characters demonstrate fear and pity at the sight of the grave that they associate with death. As Hamlet constantly thinks of death, he does not value his own life, as well as other peoples lives.As a result, Hamlet appears to be also responsible for the death of Ophelia, Claudius, Polonius, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz. Thus, Hamlets obsession transforms him from a miserable youth into a cruel murderer. However, contrary to other characters deaths that are portrayed with a certain degree of irony, Hamlets death is render in more serious terms. From the very beginning of Shakespeares play each death seems to be black-market and is soon forgotten by other characters. For instance, Hamlet demonstrates that his fathers death is already neglected by people, although King Hamlet died only a couple of months ago.When Horatio claims, My lord, I came to see your fathers funeral, Hamlet responds I prithee, do not mock me, fellow student. I think it was to see my mothers wedding (Shakespeare, 1985 1. 2. 183-185). Such an ironic viewpoint reveals that even the most generous people are forgotten. The death of Polonius is also ignored by the principal characters Ophelia and Laertes are too preoccupied with their emotions and feelings to remember their father, and Hamlet who accidentally kills Polonius expresses only some sympathetic words super acid wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell (Shakespeare, 1985 3. . 38). Ophelias death is described in even more dry portrayal, as the dramatist presupposes that her death is a result of suicide and asks Is she to be buried in Christian burial, when she wilfully seeks her own salv ation? (Shakespeare, 1985 3. 4. 38). Similar to Ophelias death, the deaths of Gertrude, Claudius, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz are able to arouse only sympathy in readers. In this regard, Hamlets death stands out against a background of other deaths it evokes respect and powerful emotions towards the character.Although Hamlet expresses irony to death throughout the play, his death is a tragedy for those who knew him. As Horatio claims, Now cracks a noble heart. / Goodnight sweet prince. And a course of angels sing thee to thy rest (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 2. 397-398). Hamlets death is the tragedy for the whole country, because it has lost its noble king and can just find another great person. Fortinbras considers that For he was likely, had he been put upon, to have proved most royal Speak loudly for him (Shakespeare, 1985 5. . 443-446). Hamlets noble death corresponds with the ideas of death maintained by such a metempsychosis philosopher as Michel de Montaigne (1910) who claims th at death uncovers the true essence of a person. According to him, a person can be really judged at his/her last moments. The similar attitude towards death is revealed by Sir Walter Raleigh who claimed that only death could provide people with real understanding of life. During his imprisonment Raleigh demonstrated real courage and was not afraid of death.As he wrote in the latter to his wife, I perceive that my death was determined from the first daylight (Raleigh, 1940, p. 82). In this regard, Hamlets real self is obvious only after his death. At the end of the play Hamlet accepts his death with courage and inevitability. However, Shakespeare demonstrates that, despite Hamlets indifference to life, he needs much time and courage to educate himself for killing and death. As Hamlet observes numerous deaths, he becomes immune to his own fortune. He starts to perceive death with irony, realising that life has no value for him.To a certain extent, it is Hamlets insanity that helps hi m to adjust to the idea of death and result in his revenge. As Hamlet collides with cruel reality, he seems to be mentally destroyed by it Who does it, wherefore? His madness. Ift be so, / Hamlet is of the faction that is wrongd His madness is poor Hamlets enemy (Shakespeare, 1985 2. 233-235). Simultaneously, the principal character manages to create an ironical attitude towards death that is intensified by the utilisation of Biblical and classical allusions.For instance, Hamlets revenge resembles the classical story of Priam and Pyrrhus when Priam kills the father of Pyrrhus, the latter decides to kill Priam in revenge. In Hamlets case the irony is explained by the repetition of the situation, but Hamlet finds it difficult to succeed in his revenge he avoids some fortunate situations and kills Claudius only at the end of the play. Another allusion is taken from the Bible when Shakespeare (1985) mentions the primal eldest curse A brothers murder (3. 3. 40-41), he draws a parallel between the story of Cain and Abel with the murder of King Hamlet by Claudius.Although Claudius seems to ask for free pardon in the church, he does not really repent of his action. When Hamlet recognises the truth about his fathers death, he decides to make a play The Murder of Gonzago, where he implicitly depicts the murder of his father by King Claudius. Ironically, the play has a great impact on Hamlet who has to suppress his desire to kill Claudius and his mother Gertrude. As he states, Let not ever the soul of Nero enter this firm bosom. / Let me be firm, not unnatural. / I will speak daggers to her, but use none (Shakespeare, 1985 3. 2. 426-429).As Agrippina, the character of the play The Murder of Gonzago, is killed by her son Nero, Hamlet is afraid of his desire to also kill his mother. Another element of death that Shakespeare strengthens in his play is the Dance of Death that is crucial for understanding the dramatists interpretation of the issue. In the Renaissance this dance was performed in the form of a carnival, during which some people disguised themselves into skeletons and guided other people into afterlife. As a humorous festivity, the Dance of Death was popular among different groups of people and was depicted in many hammy works (Freedberg, 1989).The image of the Dance of Death occupies the principal place in Hamlets graveyard scene. In Hamlets dialogue with the gravedigger, Shakespeare uncovers many important issues of existence. For instance, Hamlet asks Did these bones cost no more the breeding but to play at loggets with them? Mine ache to think ont (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 1. 91). The Dance of Death has a great impact on Hamlet, especially when he sees the skull of his friend Yorick who occupied a position of fool in the court during his life (Triggs, 1990, pp. 73-76).Hamlet realises that death is inevitable for all people, as he puts it, We fat all creatures else to fat us and we fat ourselves for maggots. Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service two dishes but to one table (Shakespeare, 1985 4. 2. 21-24). The controversy of the Ghost reflects the controversial attitude of Elizabethan society to the issue of death and afterlife. If the Ghost is thought to come back from Purgatory, then Hamlet may believe that it is the Ghost of his father who suffers much and is in search of revenge (Low, 1999, pp. 63-472). However, the Ghost may also appear to come back from crazy house in this regard, his aim is to turn Hamlet into insanity. William Shakespeare reveals this controversy, but he does not solve it. The issue system open throughout the play and is aggravated with the disappearance of the Ghost. Greenblatt (2001) even claims that purgatory exists in the imaginary universe of Hamlet and it provides many of the deep imaginative experiences, the tangled longing, guilt, pity and rage evoked by More (p. 252).However, the deaths of Hamlet and other principal characters of the play uncover the truth about these people. In particular, throughout the narration Hamlet pretends to have a secret, although he does not reveal it, but at the end he seems to demo his heart and all his secrets Thou wouldst not think how ill alls here about my heart but it is no matter It is but foolery (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 2. 208-211). Hamlet tries to fool other characters, but instead he fools himself, as he is not able to admit that he is also afraid of death.

What Positive Steps

If you ask anybody what positive steps will you take to getup mood change? Moreover everyones answer would be What will happen if only I start fetching positive steps to tackle mode change? First let someone start consequently I will also start Friends this is wrong. To start any subject the steps should be taken by us but we will wait till others start and others do the same. Whats the first thing that comes in your estimation when you hear about climate change? Answer is Global Warming or Rising Temperature.Global heating plant is one of the main reasons of climate change. Rising sea level, drouth and Increasing temperature atomic number 18 the cause of climate change. And the one who suffers It ar we and nature. And the main reason for it is human activities. What positive steps can you take to tackle climate change? There are many ways to do so care victimization renewable resources, using solar light, windmill, etc. The first way Is very simple and easy. The way Is tra vel small distances by cycle preferably of scooter/car. These sign on the use of forest fuel like terror which is get lesser and lesser day by day.We should also save petrol for approaching generations. We can also travel by public transport. Traveling by public transport could reduce the use of fuel by individual four or two wheelers. Some people smelling uncomfortable in public transport. The recent launched car/bus by which run on hydrogen rather than petrol is also one way. The second thing I or we can do is save energy in the form of electricity. Day by day energy resources are getting scarce. The thing you or I can do is finish your work in daytime when on that point is natural eight ante upn by sun, so there Is less use of artificial light.Another thing that we can do Is when there Is no need of electric appliances Like computer, bulbs, lights, fans, T. V. s etc. retributive dont forget to turn It off. Also In summer at night when you go to sleep mediocre open the w indows rather than turning on the A. C. s, so there Is natural air, electricity is conserved and defilement of air by A. C. Will not happen. The next boy is, to use 3 magical Ors. Reuse, tighten and Recycle. They are the most common topics when we start talking about climate change. 1. ReuseReuse the thing which you have apply once like plastic, bottles, plastic bags, glass bottles, etc. These are the materials which are very harmful to the climate. 2. slue Reduce the use of non- biographer waste like things made up of plastic. They take 100 of years to decompose. In the dump yard they Just burn it to finish it up. By burning It very poisonous tidy sum is formed which can harm the climate and human beings. 3. Recycle After using the things once never throw It If It can be recycled. We can put things Like bottle in the bottle bank. NAS into save-a-can and give paper to the person who ND I can take is the one most people in the word have ignored. That is being vegetarian. Friends, at least we can be vegetarian we could reduce 51% of nursery gases. The step is weird and simple but very powerful. Going vegetarian indirectly reduce deforestation. Non-vegetarian people are the cause of 1/3rd deforestation of grass in the word. They cut forest for grazing animals and to shed light on them health in order to produce good meat. Meat industry produces more carbon dioxide because all words cars and rare planes.Also being vegetarian could expand our fife by 15 years, and could protect us from diseases like Swine influenza and Bird Flu. In you and l, some people are farmers. So the next point is for them. People which are farmers amongst us should use. New methods of irrigation by which the use of water would become less and also should take interest in soil conservation for growing good crops and not letting a place become drought affected by making embankments, dress and forestation. So readers think that we should not wait for anyone to get on, instead we take a r eal step forward to save our mother planet.